NePoPoNePoPo® (Bart & Michael Bellon) · 글
NePoPo®는 전 세계적으로 사용되는 훈련 시스템임.NePoPo®의 설계 목적: 어떠한 직무(job)를 수행하든 상관없이, 자신의 업무에 열정적이며 신뢰할 수 있고 동기부여가 확실한 개를 만들기 위함.NePoPo® (Bart & Michael Bellon) 훈련의 기본 구조:pressure on, pressure off (첫 번째 positive): 압박을 가하고 제거하는 과정.extra reward (두 번째 positive): 추가적인 보상을 제공.NePoPo® 도입 전제 조건:hope (희망), expectation (기대), ignition (점화), gasoline (연료)이 있어야 함.ignition 없이 negative reinforcement (부정적 강화)만을 사용하여 활동성을 만들 수는 있으나, 이는 '황금손(golden hands)'을 가진 훈련사만 가능함. 대부분의 사람은 이 방식을 사용할 때 'active dog'이 아닌 'flat dog' (활기 없는 개)을 만들게 됨.Positive punishment/positive correction의 정의:negative reinforcer (부정적 강화제)와 동일한 언어 체계 내에 있는 불쾌한 자극을 추가하는 것.Ignition (점화)은 훈련의 첫 단계임.NePoPo®를 실행하는 'ignition trainers' (점화 훈련사)임.pressure (압박)는 최소한이어야 하며, 공정해야 하고, 명확한 결과 도출의 가능성을 내포해야 함.positive reinforcement (긍정적 강화), negative reinforcement (부정적 강화)의 모든 장점과 힘을 전략적으로 활용함.positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, 혹은 NePoPo® reinforcement를 선택적으로 사용 가능함.PoPo (positive-positive), NePo (negative-positive), NePoPo® 시스템의 힘을 완전히 이해하며, 훈련사는 눈앞의 개에게 가장 효과적인 강화 및 교정 방식을 선택할 수 있음.conflict management training (갈등 관리 훈련): 개가 훈련사와 자발적으로 교류하며 distraction (방해 요소)을 무시하도록 함.Professional working dogs (전문 작업견):military (군견), police (경찰견), search and rescue (수색구조견), service dogs (서비스 도우미견).independence (독립성), confidence (자신감), willingness to perform under stress (스트레스 상황에서의 수행 의지)를 길러줌.Sport and Competition Training (스포츠 및 대회 훈련):precision (정밀함)과 enthusiasm (열정)을 강조하는 데 효과적임.Pet training (반려견 훈련):active (활동적)함.cues (큐/신호)를 실행함.NePoPo®는 positive reinforcement training(긍정 강화 훈련)과 avoidance training(회피 훈련)을 매끄럽게 통합한 시스템임.compulsion(강압)만으로 훈련된 개는 처벌을 피하기 위해 행동하고, positive only(오직 긍정적 강화)로 훈련된 개는 압박 상황에서 신뢰성이 부족함. 이에 비해 NePoPo®는 이 둘의 단점을 보완함.NePoPo® 훈련을 받은 개는 다음과 같은 특성을 보임:energy(에너지), confidence(자신감), eagerness(열의), precision(정밀도)이 뛰어남.engagement(참여)와 opportunities to work(일할 기회)를 적극적으로 탐색함.resilient(회복탄력성)하고 adaptable(적응력)이 높음.NePoPo®는 animal welfare law(동물 복지법)를 준수하며, 우리가 원하는 이상적인 개를 만드는 (현대적 개 훈련)의 언어임.NePoPo®에 대해 만연한 오해들이 존재함:NePoPo®를 오직 e-collar(전자 칼라) 시스템이라고 믿음. 그러나 e-collar는 시스템에서 사용하는 하나의 도구일 뿐임.)Michael Bellon과 Bart Bellon은 수년간 전 세계 세미나를 통해 animal welfare laws(동물 복지법)가 국제적으로 더욱 엄격하게 시행되는 것을 목격함.Bart와 Michael은 dog training(개 훈련)이 politically palatable(정치적으로 수용 가능해야 한다)고 확신하며, NePoPo®는 이러한 신념을 반영한 결과물임.Bart와 Michael은 animal welfare(동물 복지)를 염두에 두고 Chameleon®이라는 독자적인 electronic collar(전자 칼라) 브랜드를 설계, 특허 및 생산함.animal friendly(동물 친화적)이고 inconspicuous(눈에 띄지 않는)하며, functionality(기능성)가 가장 높은 칼라를 만드는 것.NePoPo® Dog Training school 설립.Martin System® 회사(세계적인 electronic collar 혁신 기업) 인수.Martin System®과 Chameleon® 브랜드를 통합함.Martin System® 라인의 제품들은 NePoPo® School의 현대적이고 동물 친화적인 철학에 맞게 개선됨.Michael과 Bart의 전체 약력은 www.nepopotraining.com에서 확인 가능.What is NePoPo ? ® By: Michael and Bart Bellon 6 | policek9magazine.com N ePoPo® is a training system used around the world. NePoPo® was designed to create reliable and highly motivated dogs who are enthusi- astic about their jobs, whatever those jobs may be. Philosophy of NePoPo® NePoPo® is an acronym that describes the basic of NePoPo®: Negative - Positive - Positive. NePoPo® is a training system where the dog always does on cue with heart and soul. How do we get there? We need to know, why does a dog do something? A dog does something to better his own situation. How can he better his own situation? • Adding nice feelings (positive reinforcement/PoPo) • Taking away small unpleasant feelings (negative reinforce- ment/NePo) • Taking away small unpleasant feelings followed by adding nice feelings (the NePoPo®reinforcer) • Or by avoiding high unpleasant feelings (avoiding punish- ments/corrections or aversive stimulations)
7 The system is designed to cre- for not doing. This is what we call ate a dog who looks like he is PoPoNe. To train in NePoPo®, you doing the behavior spontaneously need to understand operant and when cued to do. The things we classical conditioning. Operant want to train our dog to do are conditioning is capturing a spon- almost always already in their rep- taneous behavior. Classical con- ertoire. To illustrate this point, we ditioning is pairing two signals by put forth two common examples: using a new signal that has no
that we not doing in positive training and need. We are building a coalition. in negative reinforcement train- It must be indisputably correct. ing (also called avoidance training More information can be found in and escape training.) Most peo- the NePoPo® Online School. (www. ple train in positive training when nepopotraining.com) they implement consequences for doing, and those people use the How do we implement consequence (+P)* from another NePoPo®? system (avoidance training) when NePoPo® is the implementa- they implement consequences tion of negative reinforcement fol-
8 | policek9magazine.com lowed by an extra positive: pres- sure on, pressure off (first posi- tive), extra reward (second pos- itive). Before we implement NePoPo®, it is important for the dog to have hope/expectation/ ignition/gasoline. Can you drive a car without gasoline? If the car has no gasoline, we must push the car. If the dog has no gasoline, we must push the dog. We don’t want that. Yes, it is possible with- out ignition to just use negative reinforcement on a dog to create activity; but to do this, you need golden hands and most people who do this create the opposite of an active dog which is a flat dog. *Positive punishment/positive correction is where you add some- thing unpleasant (that is in the same language as your negative reinforcer) after disobedience. Ignition is the first step. We are ignition trainers who implement NePoPo®. The pressure must be minimal and fair with a clear out- come possibility. Principles of NePoPo®: In NePoPo®, we want an active dog with intrinsic motivation. We don’t want to push. We condition him to find his advantage in doing the things we want him to do. • In NePoPo®, we are applying appropriate measured con- sequences for doing and not doing. And yes, consequences for not doing are different when the dog does not fully understand. • In NePoPo®, we use the full power/all the advantages of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, and we strategically use the systems in our favor. • In NePoPo®, we can use 9 positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or a NePoPo® reinforcement as consequences for doing. In NePoPo®, dogs understand the full power of all the systems (PoPo, NePo, and NePoPo®) and we can pick and choose which reinforce- ments/corrections we want to use that would work best with the dog in front of us. • Additionally, we engage in conflict management training where the dogs do willingly engage with us and ignore the distraction. Applications of NePoPo®: • Professional working dogs: military, police, search and rescue, and service dogs ben- efit from NePoPo® because NePoPo® fosters indepen- dence, confidence, and the willingness to perform under stress. • Sport and Competition Train- ing: these dogs can benefit from the system that accen- tuates the dogs’ precision and enthusiasm. • Pet training: Although NePoPo® was designed initially for high performance dogs, NePoPo® trained pets have excellent relationships with their owners due to the clear communication and the resulting harmony that is achieved.
What is the signature of a NePoPo® trained dog? The signature of the NePoPo® trained dog is the dog who is active and executes cues with 10 | policek9magazine.com passion and intensity and pre- collar is one of the tools that we can NePoPo® trained dogs work with cision. A NePoPo® dog seeks use in the system. energy, confidence, and eager- engagement and opportunities to ness, and precision. NePoPo® work. NePoPo® trained dogs are Conclusion training gives lasting behavioral resilient and adaptable. NePoPo® is a seamless integration results and a strong bond with Misconceptions about the of positive reinforcement training the handler. NePoPo® is in line system are rampant. Some and avoidance training that makes with the animal welfare law and people say the dogs are like the dog reliable and highly moti- creates the dogs we want and robots. We assure you they are vated. Unlike the dog who is trained need. NePoPo® is the language of not. They are passionate about only in compulsion who does the modern dog training where the their work. Some people believe behavior to avoid the punishment, job becomes the reward. that NePoPo® is an electronic or the dog trained in positive only collar system. No, the electronic who lacks reliability under pressure, THE LANGUAGE OF MODERN TRAINING Michael and Bart Bellon have been traveling the world giving seminars for many years. During those years, they saw that animal welfare laws were being more strictly implemented internationally. Bart and Michael were and are convinced that dog training must be politically pal- atable. NePoPo® is a reflection of this conviction. In addition to teaching seminars, Bart and Michael designed, patented and produced their own electronic collar brand, the Chameleon®. This brand was designed with animal welfare in mind, striving to be the most animal friendly and inconspicuous collar on the market with the highest degree of functionality. In 2015, Michael and Bart started the NePoPo® Dog Training school. In 2018, they had the opportunity to purchase the Martin System® company, a worldwide leader in innovation in electronic collars for dogs. With the purchase of Martin System®, the Martin System® and Chameleon® brands were merged. Products from the Martin System® line were honed to match with the modern, animal friendly philosophy of the NePoPo® School. You can find Michael and Bart’s full biographies at www.nepopotraining.com 11 NePoPo® in Police K-9 Magazine
NePoPo® is a training system used around the world. NePoPo® was designed to create reliable and highly motivated dogs who are enthusiastic about their jobs, whatever those jobs may be. Philosophy of NePoPo®
modern dog trainingjob becomes the reward(일 자체가 보상이 되는) 훈련 체계를 지향함.