Kay LaurenceKay Laurence (Learning About Dogs) · 글
clicker training (클리커 트레이닝)의 발견적 학습 시기를 회상함.cue (큐)를 마커(marker)로 사용하여 새로운 behaviour (행동)를 shape (셰이핑)할 수 없다면, 그 cue를 reinforcer (강화제)라고 가정해서는 안 됨."turn" (턴)이라는 cue를 마커로 사용함.click (클릭)만큼 정확하지는 않으나, cue가 가진 힘을 증명함.loop (루프/학습 회로)를 매우 타이트하게 유지함.micro-reinforcement (마이크로 강화)를 제공함.errorless (오류 없는 학습)에 더 가까워질 수 있음.room for thinking)가 매우 부족해 보임.protocol (프로토콜) 자체는 좋고 나쁨이 없음. 성공 여부는 오직 학습자의 숙련도와 동기 부여에 달려 있음.recipe (레시피)가 "실패"하는 이유는 적용 방식이나 재료의 변형 때문임.construction (구축)인가 suppression (억제)인가? 중요한 것은 프로토콜의 옳고 그름이 아니라 학습자가 어떻게 행동하는가임.conversation (대화)임.frustration (좌절감/답답함)은 오히려 개가 더 적극적으로 flirt (관심을 끌기 위해 행동)하게 함.personality (성격)임.behaviour (행동)를 탐색하고 확장하는 것에 집중함.collie (콜리)들은 chin-to-floor-butt-up (턱을 바닥에 대고 엉덩이를 드는 자세)을 보여준 적이 없음. 이는 Gordon(다른 반려견)의 행동이자, 매우 유연한 척추와 어깨 각도에서 나오는 산물임.repertoire (레퍼토리/보유 행동 목록)에 어느 정도 가지고 있는 것 중에서 선택함.turn-spin (턴-스핀)은 Merrick이 가장 좋아하는 anticipation (기대)의 표현 방식임.reactive blogging (반응형 블로깅)이라 부름.imagination (상상력)이나 response (반응)는 환경에 의해 자극됨.training(훈련) 방식에 있어서 익숙한 방법을 선호하는 것은 자연스러운 현상임.prompts(프롬프트/단서)를 찾기Jumping up(점프해서 뛰어오르는 행위)은 positive trainer(긍정 강화 훈련사)와 negative trainer(부정적 훈련사) 모두에게서 거의 예외 없이 'Major Sin'(큰 죄악)으로 간주됨.undesirable behaviour(바람직하지 않은 행동) 목록 중 최상위에 위치함.teacher of dogs(반려견의 교사)란: 반려견의 세계를 이해하고, 그들이 우리의 세계 속에서 함께 살아가며 최선의 모습이 될 수 있도록 가르치는 사람.Cease That Behaviour(해당 행동 중단하기)를 효과적으로 가르칠 수 있는가? 당연히 가능함.hand-lure(손 유도)를 통한 명확한 의사소통 기술:collect(집중/모으기)engage(관여/참여)follow(따르기)feed(보상/먹이 주기)teach(가르치다)나 train(훈련하다)이라는 단어를 아이, 사람, 반려견에게 사용할 때, 그 과정의 주도권은 teacher(교사) 또는 trainer(훈련사)에게 있다는 의미를 내포함.teacher(교사)가 학습자가 배웠다고 생각하는 내용이 실제 학습자가 배운 내용과 일치하지 않을 수 있음.target(타겟), 예를 들어 mat(매트)나 platform(플랫폼)으로 이동하도록 가르칠 때, 우리의 초점은 결과(반려견이 물체 위에 발을 올리거나 정착하는 것)에 맞춰짐.location(장소)을 인식함.food-machine(먹이 기계, 즉 주인)과 비교했을 때 어디인지 등.Doing better) 자체가 work(훈련/과정)를 수행하는 것에 대한 보상임.work는 다음 조건들을 충족해야 함.right time)right intent)right way)working(훈련 중)이거나 휴식 중인 상황.spectators(구경꾼들)가 조용히 쉬면서 지켜보도록 훈련하는 방법.The Power of A Cue by Kay Laurence | Aug 24, 2018 The power of a cue .... I recently posted this video to FaceBook which harks back to those early, discovery days of clicker training. We cannot presume a cue is a reinforcer unless we can shape a new behaviour using that cue as the marker. This is how it unfolds ..... Merrick is experiencing a demand for finding a solution, and when successful I am using the cue "turn" as the marker. This is not as accurate as a click, but it demonstrates the power of a cue. Sarah Owings posted this response to the video The Power of Cue (Aug 2018) "Do you feel that there is a time and place for trainers to deliberately leave space for dogs to do this kind of problem solving? The current trend is to keep the loops so tight, with micro-reinforcement delivery each step of the way. Although you can get much closer to errorless that way, also seems much less room for thinking." It is always a bit spooky when brains are shoved in the same direction by a single event. I only write this yesterday after posting the video: Construction or suppression? I don’t think the question is whether the protocol is the right choice or the wrong choice but how the learner behaves. Just as a protocol cannot be good or bad since its success is completely dependent on skill level and motivation – much like cooking. A recipe “fails” because of application or variation in the ingredients. In my video I see a relationship that is a two-way conversation. It is Merrick working hard to get me to respond. I see she quite enjoys that process, and the frustration of me pretending to be unimpressed causes her to flirt even more. This is part of her personality. I am self-limiting in what I will teach a particular dog through only exploring and expanding on behaviours that exist naturally for that dog. She has never shown any sign of crawling across the floor, standing on her front legs and rarely sits. So I do not teach her these behaviours. My collies have never shown the chin-to-floor-butt-up, and is not only a Gordonish behaviour but it is a product of a very, very flexible spine and shoulder angles. The behaviours I select to build are already in her own repertoire to some degree. The turn-spin you see is one of her favourite expressions of anticipation. The same limitation can then be applied to whether the dog naturally enjoys the processes, or teaching strategies we use and whether they have the skills and experience for them. I remember finding it extremely unmotivating to be faced with a blank sheet of paper and instructed to “create something”.
Either essays, poems, pictures or doodles. But one art teacher used to read a paragraph from a book and then gives us the paper. That worked fine for me. I think it is called “reactive blogging” these days. Imagination or response is stimulated by the environment. For the dogs it would be the placing of a new object instead of a paragraph. That strategy connected with my learning style, it was in my repertoire, at that age. There is a chronological component to also be considered. A naïve or novice learner that has low self-esteem should never be put in this situation. Would I have done this with her as a puppy? Absolutely not, thinking processes were super hard, which was normal for her stage of development. The creativity, confidence and her relationship with me, develop with time. I would like to think, my plan for her education to develop this “thinking capacity” came as a result of the micro-shaping, the protection from errors, the building of her learning experiences. I like this: You are not a blank slate, nor a receptacle to be filled. I am not the font of all knowledge, not the pen that will write the answers across your mind's sky. Read carefully, think carefully, consider multiple perspectives. Weigh the evidence, check the sources, ask questions. Charlotte Pezaro. If a learner has not had the opportunity to learn how to; ~ read carefully which is usually the skills of reading between the lines, assessing exactly what the question is asking, following the instructions in detail ~ think carefully develop a process of teasing apart the points, consider how those would affect individuals, preparation required before application ~ consider multiple perspectives in training the perspective of the animal, their future, the skills they will need for the life for which they will be living Have they learned how to weigh evidence? Rarely, it seems if someone has done it on Facebook or YouTube then that constitutes “evidence”. Even an expensively produced TV show is biased to entertain and will mostly skip the educational authenticity completely. Sources need to be checked. Some of the original interpretations of the early days, were just that, an opinion of one person or one institution. The example “click and treat”, no, it is “click and reinforce”, but that misinformation took a long time to turn around. “Premacking” has become a common place verb and being ascribed to anything that is not a piece of food. This is, for me, poor examples of the educational diligence which people are avoiding when it comes to animal training and their own learning. It s
eems easier to let someone else do the thinking for you and just copy. If we want to go a step further I would set an exercise – a discussion beginning with Pezaro’s excellent article about Conferences. For every point she makes we have similar issues within the training community and professions. https://www.charlottepezaro.com/blog/fourquestions I feel a FB group coming on: "The Education of .... ???" A Family of Multiple Dogs Another addition is not just an extra bed and bowl. It is important to build a home that is healthy, content and well-balanced. Read More The Whole of The Dog We cannot divide training into compartments of fast recalls, or sit for greeting, or loose leads as everything we ask of the dogs is interrelated. Read More In praise of naughty dogs .. a desire for solutions to problems that weren’t problems until someone else outside of the relationship suggested they were. Read More Changing is growth We are naturally attracted to familiar ways of training or living with our dogs. We have often worked hard to learn those habits and there is a reluctance to make changes since this is hard work. It takes mentally energy to note what we are not doing well, recall what changes we need to make, find the prompts that can move us to the changes and then work on the skills those changes require. Read More Approval or attention seeking? Jumping up is nearly always viewed, by both positive and negative trainers as A Major Sin. It rates near the top of the list of an undesirable behaviour. Read More Heartbeat of living with dogs I like to regard a “teacher of dogs” as someone who meets dogs in their world and teaches them how to be their best whilst living alongside us in our world. Read More Stop doing that …. Can we teach an effective Cease That Behaviour? Absolutely. We can teach that positively, without harm, and we should teach them the skills of stopping that and doing this instead. Read More Luring: Hand lures Learning the skills for clear communication with hand-lure: collect, engage, follow, feed. Read More Evidence of learning When we use the words “teach” or “train” child, person or dog, the operative term implies that the process is under the ownership of the teacher or trainer. What your teacher thinks you have learned may not be what you actually learned. Read More Location is Their Cue We begin teaching the dog to go to a target, such as a mat or platform and in this process our focus is on the outcome – the dog can place feet on the object or settle down. But at the same time this learning is happening the dog is also noting the loc
ation: where this is happening in this room, in the house, relative to the food-machine (you). Read More Do you see what I see Doing better is the reward from doing the work. This work needs to be the right work at the right time with the right intent done in the right way. Read More One dog watching The other dog working or ….how to train the spectators to quietly rest and watch whilst you work, play, teach a single member of the group Read More 0 Comments Submit a Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Submit Comment Δ